在第九届中德经济技术合作论坛上的致辞

（2018年7月9日，柏林）

中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强

Speech by H.E. Li Keqiang 

Premier of the State Council of

The People’s Republic of China

At the  Ninth China-Germany

Economic and Technological Cooperation Forum

Berlin, 9 July 2018

尊敬的默克尔总理，

女士们，先生们：

Chancellor Angela Merkel,

Ladies and gentlemen,

很高兴同默克尔总理一道，出席第九届中德经济技术合作论坛闭幕式。中德两国新一届政府组建后不到半年，我与总理女士就实现互访，充分反映出两国的良好关系和加强合作的愿望。本次论坛以“保持和增强创新力与竞争力”为主题，把握了时代脉搏，契合双方需求，很有意义。我谨代表中国政府，对论坛的成功举办表示热烈祝贺，对支持和关心中德友好合作的各界人士致以崇高敬意！

It gives me great pleasure to join Chancellor Merkel for the closing ceremony of the ninth China-Germany Economic and Technological Cooperation Forum. The Chancellor and I exchanged visits within six months of the formation of new governments in our countries. This speaks volumes about the strong ties between China and Germany and our shared desire for closer cooperation. The theme of this forum “Maintaining and Enhancing Competitiveness and Innovation” is highly relevant as it is consistent with the trend of the times and reflects the needs of both sides. On behalf of the Chinese government, I wish to extend my warm congratulations on the success of the forum and pay high tribute to all those from both countries who have been committed to the China-Germany friendship and cooperation.

今年是中国改革开放40周年，也是中德两国政府签署科技合作协定40周年。40年来，中德合作保持全面稳定健康发展态势，规模不断扩大，领域不断拓展，层次不断提升。2017年双边贸易额达1681亿美元，是1978年的100倍，占中欧贸易总额的近三成，中国已连续两年成为德国最大贸易伙伴。双向投资累计超过400亿美元，7000多家德国企业、2000多家中国企业在对方国家投资兴业。

This year marks the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up and the signing of the science and technology cooperation agreement between our governments. The past four decades have witnessed a sound momentum of steadily growing China-Germany cooperation, with expanded scale, widened scope and higher quality. In 2017, bilateral trade reached US$168.1 billion, 100 times that of 1978, accounting for nearly one third of the China-EU trade. China has been Germany’s largest trading partner for two years in a row. Two-way investment has exceeded US$40 billion. Over 7,000 German companies and 2,000-plus Chinese firms run businesses in each other’s countries.

现在双方合作已远远超越了贸易范畴，涵盖了金融、科技、环保、能源、人文等领域，还结成强有力的创新伙伴关系。可以说，中德合作成长性好、稳定性高、实效性强，长期引领中欧合作，堪称大国合作的典范，为两国乃至世界经济发展注入了动力。中德合作能取得今天这样的成就，关键在于双方坚持相互尊重、平等相待、互利共赢、开拓创新，也得益于两国工商界朋友的长期辛勤耕耘。

Our cooperation has grown far beyond trade and spans a diverse range of areas, including finance, science and technology, environmental protection, energy and people-to-people exchange. And we have forged a strong partnership on innovation. With its steady performance, fruitful outcomes and enormous potential, China-Germany cooperation stands as an engine of China-EU cooperation and a fine example of cooperation between major countries. It has not only boosted the economies of both our countries but also injected vigor into global growth. We owe these achievements to our commitment to equality, mutual respect and mutual benefit and to our enterprising spirit. These achievements are also attributable to the hard work and contributions of the business communities of both countries.

去年，习近平主席对德国进行成功访问，同德方领导人共同规划两国关系发展。今天上午，我与默克尔总理共同主持第五轮中德政府磋商，达成了一系列重要共识和成果。我们一致同意，面对错综复杂的世界政治经济形势，中德作为亚欧大陆两端最大的经济体，要继续巩固和提升政治互信，夯实中德全方位战略伙伴关系的基础，推动中德合作向更高水平迈进，以中德合作的确定性、维护多边主义的一贯性为世界和平与发展增添稳定性。

During his successful visit to Germany last year, President Xi Jinping and German leaders jointly mapped out the development of our relations for the future. This morning, Chancellor Merkel and I co-chaired the fifth China-Germany inter-governmental consultation, which produced important agreements and deliverables in wide-ranging fields. We both believe that given the complicated political and economic environment in the world, China and Germany, as the largest economies at the two ends of the Eurasian continent, need to further consolidate and strengthen political trust, cement the foundations of our all-dimensional strategic partnership, and raise our cooperation to greater heights. We need to bring greater certainty to world peace and development with our unwavering commitment to China-Germany cooperation and to multilateralism.

——我们要深挖贸易潜力。中德位居世界前三大贸易国之列，两国外贸总额占世界贸易的比重近20%，但双边贸易额占两国外贸总额的比重不到3%，有很大发展空间。

— We need to further unlock our trade potential. China and Germany are among the top three trading nations in the world, and together we take up nearly 20% of global trade. However, trade between us only accounts for less than 3% of our total foreign trade, leaving huge space for further expansion.

当前中国居民消费正在升级、产业转型步伐加快，德方企业扩大优势商品、高端装备、优质服务对华出口可以大有作为。希望德方进一步放宽对华高技术产品出口限制，提升高技术产品在双边贸易中的比重。中国货物出口世界第一，产品种类丰富、性价比高，深受各国消费者青睐和企业欢迎，也契合德国多样化的市场需求。我们要进一步提高贸易便利化水平，创新贸易方式，优化产品结构，大力发展跨境电子商务，推动双边贸易规模迈上新台阶。

With the upgrading of consumption structure and accelerating industrial transformation in China, German companies enjoy enormous opportunities in selling more competitive products, high-end equipment and quality services to Chinese consumers. We hope that Germany will further ease the restrictions on high-tech exports to China to raise the share of high-tech products in our bilateral trade. China is the largest exporter of goods, offering a rich variety of products at competitive prices. Chinese products are popular with their foreign customers, and can well meet Germany’s diverse market demand. We need to advance trade facilitation, develop new forms of trade, improve the product mix and bolster cross-border e-commerce to take the scale of our trade to a new level.

目前双方服务贸易规模不到300亿美元，要进一步扩大旅游、留学、运输等服务贸易，着力培育新的增长点，大力发展技术贸易、专业服务、维修维护、远程医疗、金融保险等现代服务贸易。今年11月，首届中国国际进口博览会在上海举行，德国将以主宾国身份参加，相信这会进一步提升德国产品和服务在中国市场的影响力。

Our trade in services currently stands at less than US$30 billion. We need to expand services trade in tourism, education and transportation, and nurture new growth areas in modern services such as technology trade, professional services, repair and maintenance, telemedicine, finance and insurance. In November this year, the first China International Import Expo will be held in Shanghai. We believe Germany’s participation as a Guest of Honor Country will further boost the popularity of German products and services in the Chinese market.

——我们要扩大双向投资。中德双向投资虽然持续活跃，但目前德国对华投资占德国对外投资规模的比重不到7%，中国对德投资存量规模也较小。过去德国不少有远见的企业率先在中国投资兴业，获得了丰厚回报，实现了互利共赢。现在中国市场更加开放，营商环境不断改善，德国企业在华投资有新的更大机遇。欢迎德国企业继续扩大对华投资，特别是增加对发展潜力大的中国中西部、东北等地区投资，共办产业合作园区。

— We need to expand two-way investment which has been active overall. Yet, less than 7% of Germany’s total outbound investment goes to China. And China’s cumulative investment in Germany is modest at best. Many far-sighted German companies who took the lead in investing and doing business in China have reaped handsome returns and achieved win-win results. In an even more open Chinese market with an improving business environment, German investors enjoy new, greater opportunities. You are most welcome to expand your investment in China, especially in the central, western and northeastern regions where untapped potential lies and through setting up joint industrial parks.

中国企业对外投资遵循市场原则、商业规则，希望德方提供更加公平透明、可预期的投资环境，在安全审查、金融监管等方面给予公正待遇。尽早完成中欧投资协定谈判是业界的期盼，中方愿同德方一道推动协定谈判取得进展。

In investing overseas, Chinese companies follow market principles and commercial rules. We hope that Germany will provide them with a fairer and more transparent and predictable investment environment, and see that they receive fair treatment in security reviews and financial regulation. The business communities of both countries hope to see early conclusion of the China-EU investment agreement. China is ready to work with Germany for new progress in the negotiations.

——我们要积极推动创新合作。中德在创新领域各有千秋，是创新合作的“黄金搭档”。德国在基础研究、原始创新、高端研发等领域全球领先，中国市场规模巨大、人力资源丰富、产业体系齐全、数字经济快速发展，在应用创新等方面具有独特优势。两国在全球创新链、价值链中处于不同位置，在创新发展中的合作面远大于竞争面，特别是新产业、新业态、新模式等领域的合作空间更广，双方互利共赢的基本态势没有改变。

— We need to promote innovation cooperation. China and Germany have complementary strengths in innovation, which makes us “golden partners” for cooperation. Germany is a global leader in basic research, innovation and high-end R&D. China, on its part, has a big market, rich human resources, a sophisticated industrial system and a booming digital economy, holding unique strengths in innovation application. Given our different places in the global innovation and value chains, there exist far more opportunities for cooperation than areas of competition. Cooperation in new industries, new forms of business and new models is particularly promising and will remain win-win in nature.

在新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展的背景下，双方利益交汇点更多、相互依存度更高。我们要加强创新发展战略对接，发挥好电动汽车、智能制造等合作平台的作用，加强在人工智能、新能源汽车、自动驾驶等新兴产业领域合作，共同做大产业、做大市场。此访期间，中德双方签署了自动网联驾驶领域合作联合意向声明，这是两国创新合作向更高水平迈进的一个重要标志。

With the advance of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, our two countries will only become more interdependent and our interests more closely intertwined. Against such a backdrop, we need to foster greater synergy between our innovation strategies, better leverage the platforms for cooperation on electric vehicles and smart manufacturing, and enhance cooperation in new industries, including artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles and autonomous driving. Through these efforts, we can make our industries stronger and foster bigger markets. During the visit, the two sides signed a letter of intent on cooperation in intelligent and connected vehicles (ICV), which marks a higher level of China-Germany innovation cooperation.

——我们要拓展三方合作。三方合作是发挥中德各自优势、实现多赢共赢的重要途径，中德不少企业已开展了卓有成效的合作。比如西门子公司与中国100多家企业携手，合作项目遍及60多个国家和地区，带动大量德国设备、技术和服务出口。共建“一带一路”为中德企业开展三方合作打开了新空间。中方愿与德方一道，引导双方企业在互联互通、工业建设、装备制造、节能环保、轨道交通等领域开展三方合作，探讨在中东欧、拉美、非洲等地区先行先试。双方可设立三方合作平台，为企业合作创造便利条件。

— We need to expand cooperation in third countries. Such cooperation provides an important means for pursuing win-win and all-win cooperation based on our comparative strengths. This has been borne out by success stories among Chinese and German companies. For instance, Siemens has partnered with over 100 Chinese companies on projects in over 60 countries and regions, enabling expanded export of German equipment, technologies and services. The Belt and Road Initiative has provided new opportunities for our companies to continue such cooperation. China will work with Germany to encourage business-to-business cooperation in third countries in the areas of connectivity, industrial development, equipment manufacturing, energy conservation and environmental protection, and rail transport. We may roll out pilot programs starting with Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Africa. We may also set up special third-party cooperation platforms to facilitate such efforts by our businesses.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

中德经济技术合作离不开自由开放的贸易投资环境。以世贸组织为核心的多边贸易体制，是当今国际经贸秩序的基石，其权威和效力应得到尊重和维护。此次会晤中，中德双方再次重申，共同维护自由贸易，坚决反对一切形式的保护主义，维护以规则为基础的多边贸易体制。现行世贸组织的某些规则确有不完善之处，对此可以适应形势适当予以调整和完善，但自由贸易等基本原则必须坚持，必须充分照顾包括发展中国家在内的各方利益诉求。否则，就会导致全球贸易失序、世界经济复苏进程受阻、南北发展差距拉大。

China-Germany economic and technological cooperation requires a free and open trade and investment environment. The multilateral trading regime with the WTO at its core is the cornerstone of the existing international trading order, and its authority and efficacy should be respected and upheld. During our meeting, we reaffirmed our shared commitment to upholding free trade, opposing protectionism in all its forms, and safeguarding the rules-based multilateral trading regime. It is true that some of the WTO rules are not perfect. They can be adjusted and improved in an appropriate way to reflect changing circumstances. However, free trade and other fundamental principles must be upheld, and the interests and demands of all countries, the developing countries in particular, must be fully accommodated. Failure to do so will lead to disruptions in global trade, stalling world recovery and a widening North-South gap.

中国是自由贸易和多边主义的坚定支持者、积极践行者，加入世贸组织后全面履行各项承诺，不断扩大对外开放，积极承担与自身实力相适应的国际义务。中方还多次自主降低进口关税，近三年降税产品超过2500项。今年7月1日起，又大幅降低汽车、部分日用品进口关税。刚刚修订发布的2018版外商投资准入负面清单，限制性条目压减24%，大幅放宽金融等服务业、汽车等制造业外资股比限制。

China is a firm supporter and active practitioner of free trade and multilateralism. China has fully honored its commitments upon accession to the WTO to open up its markets and has undertaken international obligations commensurate with its capabilities. We have initiated several rounds of tariff cuts involving over 2,500 products in the last three years. On 1 July this year, the import tariffs on automobiles and some daily consumer goods were significantly lowered. In the recently released 2018 version of the negative list on access for foreign investment, the number of restricted items was reduced by 24%. Foreign equity caps were substantially raised in the services and manufacturing sectors, financial services and automobiles in particular.

中国对外开放的不断扩大，为促进全球经济贸易增长作出了重要贡献。2001－2017年，中国货物进口额累计20万亿美元，年均增长13.5%，高出全球平均水平6.9个百分点；服务进口额累计3.7万亿美元，年均增长16.7%，高出全球平均水平8.8个百分点；今年以来，中国货物和服务进口均增长20%左右。世贸组织成员特别是主要经济体，都应在开放举措上多做“加法”，在市场壁垒上多做“减法”，这符合各方的共同利益。

China’s continued opening-up has contributed substantially to global economic and trade growth. Between 2001 and 2017, China imported a total of US$20 trillion worth of goods, which comes down to an annual increase of 13.5%, 6.9 percentage points higher than the global average; during the same period, our total import in services reached US$3.7 trillion, posting an annual growth of 16.7%, 8.8 percentage points higher than the global average. This year so far China’s imports in goods and services have both increased by around 20%. WTO members, especially the major economies, all need to do more to open up their economies and less in raising market barriers, as this serves the interests of all parties.  

在国际经贸往来中，出现分歧甚至摩擦是难以避免的，也是正常的，关键是如何看待和解决。自由和公平是多边贸易体制的两大核心理念。中方倡导自由贸易，同样主张公平贸易，但公平贸易要体现包容性，考虑不同国家所处的不同发展阶段，反对以公平贸易之名行贸易保护主义之实。在经济全球化的今天，国际产业分工你中有我、我中有你，各国产业链、价值链“筋骨”相连。如果固守“零和博弈”的过时思维、任性挑起贸易争端，不仅损害当事双方利益，也伤及全球产业链上各方利益，不会有赢家。

Differences and even frictions are natural and hardly avoidable in global trade. The question is how to approach and address them. The notions of free and fair trade lie at the heart of the multilateral trading regime. China advocates free trade and also stands for fair trade. However, fair trade must be inclusive, taking into account the different development stages of countries. The practice of trade protectionism in the name of fair trade must be rejected. As we live in a globalized world, international division of labor has connected the industrial and value chains of different countries. The outdated zero-sum mentality and willful provocation of trade disputes will do harm not only to the interests of the parties directly concerned, but also to all in the global industrial chain. No one will emerge as a winner in such a situation.  

中国货物出口的40%、高科技产品出口的2/3都是在华外资企业实现的。我们反对单边主义、贸易保护主义，不仅是为了维护自身合法权益，也是为了维护外资企业利益，维护和促进世界自由贸易体制。

Foreign-invested companies account for 40% of China’s export in goods and two thirds of its high-tech exports. China’s stance against unilateralism and trade protectionism, therefore, is meant not just to protect its own legitimate rights and interests, but also to safeguard the interests of foreign-invested companies and the global free trade system as a whole.

女士们，先生们！

Ladeis and gentlemen,

今年以来，中国经济继续保持稳中向好发展势头。一季度国内生产总值同比增长6.8%，特别是就业形势稳定，5月份城镇调查失业率已经降到4.8%、处于多年来最低水平，这对于有着13亿多人口的发展中大国而言至关重要。用电量、货运量等实物量增长快于经济增速，企业利润、税收收入保持两位数增长，制造业PMI持续处于景气区间，说明企业生产经营活跃，经济基本面持续向好。

Let me now turn to the Chinese economy, which has kept a good momentum of steady growth this year. China’s GDP grew by 6.8% year-on-year in the first quarter. It is particularly worth noting that employment has remained stable: the surveyed urban unemployment rate fell to 4.8% in May, the lowest level in several years, which is crucial to a major developing country with more than 1.3 billion people. Other economic indicators such as electricity consumption and freight volume have outpaced overall economic growth. Business profits and tax revenues have grown at double-digit rates. PMI reading has stayed above the threshold indicating economic expansion. All these point to robust business activities and sound economic fundamentals in China.

当前中国经济发展的良好势头，是近些年经济结构持续优化、内生发展动力增强的结果，具有较强的稳定性和可持续性。面对复杂严峻的国际环境和国内较大的经济下行压力，中国政府坚持稳中求进，坚持不搞强刺激，而是依靠改革创新推动转方式、调结构、破难题，深化供给侧结构性改革，着力培育壮大新动能。

Such a good momentum is the result of our unrelenting efforts in recent years to upgrade the economic structure and foster stronger internal growth drivers. Hence we expect this growth to be solidly-based and sustainable in the long run. Despite a complex and challenging international environment and heavy downward pressure, the Chinese government sought to move forward while maintaining stable economic performance. Instead of resorting to massive stimulus, we relied on reform and innovation to shift the growth model and improve the economic structure and endeavored to overcome challenges by intensifying supply-side structural reforms and nurturing new growth drivers.  

过去五年市场主体数量增加近80%，目前已超过1亿户，新兴产业迅猛成长，传统产业加快升级。这不仅创造了大量就业岗位，也带来新的消费和投资，推动经济发展形成良性循环。目前，中国的经济增长已从过度依赖投资、出口拉动转向主要依靠消费、服务业和内需支撑，最终消费和服务业对经济增长的贡献率均达到60%左右，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值的比例也已从2007年的约10%下降到去年的1.3%，新动能对经济增长的贡献率超过三分之一。

These efforts have paid off. The number of market entities surged by nearly 80% to more than 100 million in the past five years; emerging industries grow by leaps and bounds and traditional ones are upgrading at a faster pace; a big number of jobs have been added, and new consumption and investment generated, creating a virtuous circle of development. The economy has moved away from reliance on investment and export to being fueled mainly by consumption, the services sector and domestic demand. Final consumption and the services sector now both account for roughly 60% of China’s growth; the current account surplus to GDP ratio dropped from around 10% in 2007 to 1.3% last year; and new drivers contribute over a third to economic growth.

中国经济发展潜力大、韧性强、后劲足，财政赤字率、政府负债率较低，商业银行资本充足率、拨备覆盖率较高，企业负债率趋于下降，宏观调控有足够的政策工具可以运用。我们有信心有能力应对各种风险挑战，长期保持经济持续健康发展。

Overall, the Chinese economy boasts vast potential, strong resilience and bright prospects. The combination of relatively low fiscal deficit ratio and government debt-to-GDP ratio, relatively high capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage ratio of commercial banks, and the paring down of corporate debt have handed us a host of policy tools for macro regulation. We have the confidence and capability to meet any potential risks or challenges and maintain sustained and sound development of the Chinese economy over the long run.

过去40年中国依靠改革开放取得了巨大成就，今后还要靠改革开放走向未来。我们要继续深化市场取向改革，加快完善社会主义市场经济体制，切实转变政府职能，深入推进简政放权，创新和加强事中事后监管，全面提升政府服务效能，打造国际一流、公平竞争的营商环境，进一步激发市场活力、释放内需潜力、增强内生动力。

Reform and opening-up has been instrumental in China’s remarkable achievements over the past 40 years; more reform and opening-up is the way to go for the future. China will continue to deepen market-oriented reforms and improve the socialist market economy by transforming government functions, streamlining administration, developing new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and increasing the efficiency of government services across the board. We aim to offer a world-class business environment with a level playing field that will unleash market vitality, unlock potential in domestic demand and boost internal drivers of growth.

我们将继续扩大对外开放，加强与国际通行经贸规则对接，在资质许可、标准制定、政府采购、研发政策等方面对内外资企业一视同仁，保障企业基于自愿和商业规则开展技术合作，不允许强制转让技术。保护知识产权就是保护创新，我们将进一步加大知识产权保护力度，依法打击各类侵权假冒行为，大幅提高违法成本。这是为了维护内外资企业的合法权益，更是推动中国经济高质量发展的需要。

China will open up further to the rest of the world and pursue greater convergence with established international business rules. We will treat all enterprises, Chinese or foreign, equally in license application, standards-setting, government procurement, and R&D policies. We will see to it that technological cooperation is conducted on a voluntary basis and according to commercial rules. No mandatory requirement for technology transfer will be allowed. Protecting intellectual property and encouraging innovation are the two sides of the same coin. We will step up IPR protection, crack down on all forms of infringements and counterfeiting according to law, and significantly raise the cost for offenders. Such efforts are not only aimed to protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese and foreign companies alike, but more importantly, they are naturally required for achieving higher quality development of the Chinese economy.  

总之，我们将以继续主动扩大开放，对冲单边主义和保护主义；以公平、公开、透明的竞争，拓展多元化市场；以办好自己的事情，增强内生动力，保持经济持续增长、稳中向好的态势。

All in all, we will continue to counteract the effects of unilateralism and protectionism with more proactive measures of opening-up, develop diversified markets through open, fair and transparent competition, and sustain the steady, upward momentum of the Chinese economy by managing our own affairs well and building up internal drivers of growth.

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and gentlemen,

中国先哲孔子说过，四十而不惑。意思是一个人年过四十，思想更加成熟，处事更加稳健，不为外界干扰因素所困，不为各种杂音所惑。我相信，中德务实合作经过40年的风雨洗礼，步伐一定会越来越稳健、合作之路一定会越走越宽广，更好造福两国、惠及世界！

The great Chinese philosopher Confucius observed that a man at forty should be free from confusion. It means that upon turning forty, one would be more mature in outlook and more thoughtful in conduct, so he is no longer confused by distractions or noises of any sort. I believe, after all we have been through over the past forty years, China-Germany practical cooperation will move ahead with more steady steps, bear richer fruits, and bring greater benefits to our two countries and to the rest of the world.

谢谢大家。

Thank you.

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