南海问题词汇和相关表述

A

B

（美国）霸权逻辑和“美国例外”思维：the U.S. hegemonic mentality and American exceptionalism

包装争议：present disputes in a disguised form

（签订）边界条约：conclude boundary treaties

编制地名、公布地图、行政建制、军事驻守：update geographic names, publish maps, establish administrative set-ups and station troops

别有用心：(pursue) a hidden agenda

北部湾海上划界：delimitation of maritime boundary in the Beibu Gulf (completed by China and Vietnam after more than 20 years of negotiations)

北部湾湾口外海域工作组：the working group on the waters beyond the mouth of the Beibu Gulf

背离和平解决国际争端的宗旨：run counter to the purpose of peaceful settlement of international disputes

被南海问题绑架：be hijacked by the South China Sea issue

背信弃义：go back on one’s words

《波茨坦公告》：the Potsdam Proclamation

（保证）波及范围最小、持续时间最短、影响程度最轻、生态恢复最快：ensure minimal scope of impact, shortest duration, lowest degree of influence, and fastest ecological recovery

博弈场：arena of competition

补充性程序：(compulsory arbitration is) a complementary procedure

不接受、不参与（仲裁），不承认所谓“裁决”：not accept or participate in (the arbitration), and not recognize the so-called “award”

C

“裁决”：(arbitration) “award”

（对国际法）采取投机主义的态度：take an opportunistic approach (toward international law)

充分的历史和法理依据：full historical and legal basis

D

打击海上跨国犯罪：combat/fight/crack down on transnational crimes at sea

大陆架：continental shelf

大肆部署军事力量：markedly increase military presence

大型综合灯塔：large-scale integrated lighthouse

（对非法“坐滩”的军舰进行）打桩加固：drive piles (under the “grounded” vessel) to consolidate its position

单边海上行动：unilateral actions at sea

单方面油气开发：unilateral oil and natural gas exploitation

岛礁：islands and reefs

低潮高地：low-tide elevations

缔约国：State Party (to UNCLOS, etc.)

抵近南沙群岛有关岛礁邻近海空域：close-range maneuvers to waters and airspace around relevant islands and reefs of Nansha Islands

E

恶意规避：maliciously circumvent (something)

F

法理依据：legal basis

法律上：de jure

发现、命名和开发经营（南海诸岛）：discover, name and develop (the South China Sea Islands)

防御性的国防政策：a defense policy that is defensive in nature

防卫设施：defense facilities

（有关国家）非法侵占：invasion and illegal occupation (by certain countries)

（菲律宾单方面提起仲裁）非法的、无效的/仲裁案：(the Philippine’s unilateral initiation of arbitration) is illegal and null and void

菲律宾1596号总统令：Presidential Decree 1596 issued by the Philippines in June 1978

菲律宾南海仲裁案：the South China Sea arbitration (unilaterally) initiated by the Philippines (on Jan. 22, 2013)

付诸第三方解决：recourse to a third-party settlement

G

高度警惕：be highly vigilant (against)/be on high alert

高度克制：(exercise) great restraint

高官会：Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM)

高强度抵近侦察活动：intensive close-range reconnaissance

（获得）根本、长久的解决：final and lasting/durable settlement

“公约解释与适用争议”：“disputes concerning the interpretation and/or application of the Convention”

构成南沙群岛组成部分的岛、礁、滩、沙及其相关水域：islands, reefs, shoals, and cays that form the Nansha Islands and relevant waters

管控争议：manage disputes

鼓动域内外国家拉帮结派：instigate countries both in and outside the region to form a clique

《关于确定菲律宾领海基线的法案》：Act to Define the Baselines of the Territorial Sea of the Philippines

《关于指导解决中越海上问题基本原则协议》：the China-Vietnam Agreement on Basic Principles Guiding the Settlement of Maritime Issues (signed in 2011, which confirms that both sides will continue their efforts to resolve maritime issues through negotiations and consultations)

国际法体系：international legal system

国际法院：the International Court of Justice

国际航路岛礁：islands and reefs along international shipping lanes/routes

国际海洋法实践：practices of the international law of the sea

国际和地区海洋秩序：international and regional order at sea

国家关系基本准则：basic norms governing international relations

国家主权平等原则：the principle of sovereign equality

过境通行权：the right of transit passage

H

航行安全与搜救：navigation safety as well as search and rescue

航行和飞越自由：freedom of navigation and overflight

“航行自由计划”：Freedom of Navigation Program (of the U.S.)

合法、合理、合情：lawful, justified, and reasonable

和平发展道路：the path of peaceful development

海上安全通信设施：maritime safety communication facilities

海上低敏感领域合作专家工作组：the working group of experts on maritime cooperation in areas of low sensitivity

海上风险管控预防性措施：preventive measures for managing maritime risks

海上共同开发磋商工作组：the consultations working group on joint development at sea

海上搜救、防灾减灾、海洋科研、气象观察、生态环境保护、航行安全、渔业生产服务：maritime search and rescue, disaster prevention and mitigation, marine scientific research, meteorological observation, eco-environment preservation/protection, navigation safety, and fishery production services

海上应急救助打捞、海事航保溢油应急处理设备：facilities for emergency salvage at sea and oil spill response

海啸预警、地震监测、海洋环境监测：tsunami early warning, seismic monitoring, and marine environment observation

海洋管辖权主张：maritime jurisdiction claims

海洋划界争议：disputes over/on maritime delimitation

海洋科研中心：marine research center

海洋生态环境：marine ecosystem

海洋实践：maritime practices

划定和勘定边界线：delimit and demarcate boundaries

黄岩岛：Huangyan Island（西方称Scarborough Shoal）

I

J

“既成事实”或“现状”：a fait accompli or “status quo”

激化和扩大南海争议：escalate disputes in the South China Sea

加大军力部署：strengthen military deployment

加入《公约》：accede to UNCLOS

假想敌：imaginary enemy

践行国际法：comply with international law

将涉及海域划界、历史性海湾或所有权、军事和执法行动等方面的争端排除在《公约》争端解决程序之外：exclude disputes concerning maritime delimitation, historic bays or titles, as well as military and law enforcement activities from the dispute settlement procedures provided for in the UNCLOS

（在南海）搅浑水：muddy the waters (in the South China Sea)

解决南海问题的正道：the right approach for the settlement of the South China Sea issue

谨言慎行：exercise caution (in words and deeds)

K

（所谓的）“卡拉延群岛”：the so-called “Kalayaan Island Group”

《开罗宣言》：the Cairo Declaration

抗议和交涉：(lodge) protests and representations

扩建活动：enlargement construction activities

L

滥用（《公约》）争端解决程序：abuse the dispute settlement procedures of UNCLOS

（南海问题的）历史经纬和是非曲直：historical dynamics/facts as well as right and wrong (of the South China Sea issue)

历史性海湾：historic bays

（被持续主张的）历史性权利：(continuously claimed) historic rights

历史性所有权：historic titles

《联合国海洋法公约》（《公约》）：United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

《联合国宪章》：the UN Charter

联合国亚洲及远东经济委员会：UN Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)

（菲律宾）领海基线法：the Philippine’s territorial sea baseline act

领海基点基线：base points and baselines of the territorial sea

领海及毗连区：territorial sea and contiguous zone

领土地位：territorial status

领土和海洋权益争端：disputes concerning territory and maritime rights and interests

（菲律宾）领土扩张主义：(the Philippine’s) territorial expansionism

领土主权问题不是《公约》调整的事项：the issue of territorial sovereignty is not subject to UNCLOS

“绿色工程、生态岛礁”：“green projects, eco-friendly islands and reefs”

M

《美西和平条约》、《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》、《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》：the 1898 Treaty of Peace Between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain (Treaty of Paris), the 1900 Treaty Between the Kingdom of Spain and the United States of America for Cession of Outlying Islands of the Philippines (Treaty of Washington) and the 1930 Convention Between the United States of America and Great Britain Delimiting the Boundary Between the Philippine Archipelago and the State of North Borneo (1930 Convention between the U.S. and UK)

门罗主义：the Monroe Doctrine

民事功能设施：facilities for civilian uses

抹黑：discredit/throw mud on

N

南海断续线：the dotted line in the South China Sea (released in 1947 by the Chinese government to reaffirm China’s sovereignty and relevant rights)

南海防空识别区：air defense identification zone in the South China Sea

《南海各方行为宣言》（DOC）：the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (signed by China and ASEAN member states, including the Philippines, in 2002 stipulating that “the parties concerned undertake to resolve their territorial and jurisdictional disputes by peaceful means, through friendly consultations and negotiations by sovereign states directly concerned”)

“南海行为准则”：a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC)

南海沿岸国：coastal/littoral states of the South China Sea

南海诸岛：the South China Sea Islands

南沙群岛：the Nansha Islands（西方称Spratly Islands）

O

P

排除性声明：declaration on optional exceptions

排挤：drive (someone) out

澎湖列岛：the Penghu Islands（西方称Pescadores Islands）

披着法律外衣的政治闹剧和挑衅：a political farce and provocation made under the pretext of law

片面解读和适用国际法：an out-of-context interpretation and one-sided application of international law

Q

签署国：signatory

强化非法侵占：bolster invasion and illegal occupation

（通过岛礁建设）强化主权（主张）：bolster/strengthen sovereignty claim (through construction activities)

（仲裁庭的）强行审理和行使管辖：arbitrary handling (of the case) and exercise of jurisdiction

强制仲裁：(initiate) compulsory arbitration

侵犯（《公约》缔约国）自主选择争端解决机制和程序的权利：infringe on one’s right (under UNCLOS) to independently choosing dispute settlement mechanisms and procedures

穷尽（双边手段）：exhaust (bilateral means)

曲解《公约》规定：distort provisions of the UNCLOS

区域无线电导助航设施：regional radio navigation aid facilities

全程动态保护措施：all-process dynamic protection measures

全面否定中国对南沙群岛的领土主权：totally negate/deny China’s territorial sovereignty over the Nansha Islands

全面有效落实《南海各方行为宣言》：full and effective implementation of the DOC

R

仁爱礁：Ren’ai Reef（西方称Second Thomas Shoal）

人工岛屿、设施和结构：artificial islands, installations and structures

S

“三停止”倡议：the “three halts” initiative (halts in land reclamation, construction and militarization)

珊瑚礁：coral reefs

声索国：claimant states

生态环境保护与工程规划、设计、施工同步进行: ensure eco-environment protection in all phases of the project, from planning to designing and construction

“双轨思路”：the “dual track” approach (initiated by ASEAN member states to handle the South China Sea issue, i.e. while the relevant disputes are to be resolved through negotiations and consultations between the states directly concerned on the basis of respecting historical facts and according to international law, China and ASEAN member states will work together to maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea)

“势力范围”说：the assertion of “sphere of influence”

事实上：de facto

（仲裁庭）随意扩权和滥权：expand and abuse jurisdiction at will

损人不利己：damage others’ interests without gaining benefits for oneself

T

塔纳加海峡：Tanaga Strait (of the U.S.)

贪天之功，据为己有：self-claimed entitlement

填海造地、大兴土木、部署军备：carry out land reclamation and major construction activities, and maintain military facilities

挑拨地区国家关系：sow discord among countries in the region

（坚持）通过谈判协商和平解决争议：(be committed to) resolving the disputes in a peaceful manner through negotiations and consultations

推动南海“军事化”：fuel “militarization” of the South China Sea

U

V

W

（中国-东盟国家）外交部应对海上紧急事态高官热线平台：Senior Officials’ Hotline Platform in Response to Maritime Emergencies among Ministries of Foreign Affairs of China and ASEAN member states

违背国际义务：breach/violate international obligations

违反《宣言》：breach/violate the DOC

维护根据国际法所享有的权利：uphold rights (a country enjoys) under international law

（美国）维护其全球战略和海上霸权：maintain (the U.S.’) global strategy and maritime hegemony

误读误判：misinterpretation and miscalculation

无害通过：innocent passage

无可争辩的主权：indisputable sovereignty

无可指责：beyond reproach

武力侵占：invasion and occupation by force

X

西沙群岛：the Xisha Islands（西方称Paracel Islands）

“西沙争议”：the so-called “Xisha dispute”

形成远、中、近火力纵深： The artillery covers short, medium and long ranges

（对南海诸岛）行使主权管辖：exercise sovereignty over (the South China Sea Islands)

行使《联合国宪章》赋予主权国家的合法权利：exercise the lawful rights sovereign states enjoy under/in accordance with the UN Charter

行政设制、军事巡航、生产经营、海难救助：establishment of administrative set-ups, military patrol, production and business operations and rescue activities at sea

宣示主权、加强管辖：affirm sovereignty and strengthen jurisdiction

炫耀武力：flex military muscles

Y

严重损害中国主权和领土完整：severely infringe upon China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity

（《宣言》的）严肃性和权威性：sanctity and authority (of the DOC)

一般国际法：general international law

以大欺小：the big bullying the small

以建设性的态度负责任地处理（南海问题）：handle the South China Sea issue in a responsible and constructive manner

以小人之心度君子之腹：judge a gentleman’s intentions with a petty man’s mindset

以行使权利之名行挑衅威胁之实：make provocations under the excuse of exercising rights

有关岛礁邻近水域和空域：waters and airspace around relevant islands and reefs

（所谓的）“有效管辖”：so-called “effective jurisdiction”

与邻为善，以邻为伴的周边外交政策：a foreign policy of forging friendship and partnership with China’s neighbors

域外国家：countries outside the region

“约定必须遵守”：“pacta sunt servanda” (“agreements must be kept”, a basic principle in international law)

约束力：binding force

越权：ultra vires (beyond the powers)

Z

《在南海协议区三方联合海洋地震工作协议》：the tripartite Agreement for Joint Marine Seismic Undertaking in Certain Areas in the South China Sea (signed in 2005 by relevant oil companies encouraged by the governments of China, the Philippines and Vietnam to facilitate joint oil and gas development in the region)

早期收获：early harvest

增进互信、管控危机、缩小分歧、促进合作：increase trust, manage crises, narrow differences and strengthen cooperation

自保权：the right of preservation

自卫权：the right of self defense

（《公约》规定的）争端强制解决程序：the compulsory settlement procedure (provided for in UNCLOS)

政府联合声明和联合新闻公报：joint statements and joint press communiqués

制定规则和建立机制：establish rules and mechanisms

执行国际法院的判决：enforce the judgment of the International Court of Justice

制造和炒作南海紧张局势：create and dramatize tension in the South China Sea/create tension in the South China Sea and create negative publicity about it

自然地形：natural features

整军备武：military build-up

（宣扬）“中国威胁论”：(dish up/create) the “China threat” fallacy

仲裁庭：the Arbitral Tribunal

中国——东盟国家海上联合搜救热线平台：Hotline Platform on Search and Rescue among China and ASEAN Member States

中国——东盟海上合作基金：China-ASEAN Maritime Cooperation Fund

中国——东盟海洋合作伙伴关系：the China-proposed Maritime Cooperation Partnership with ASEAN

中国固有领土：China’s inherent territory/an integral part of China’s territory

（在）中国主权范围内：fall within the scope of China’s sovereignty

中国驻守岛礁：China’s garrisoned islands and reefs

《中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法》：the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone

“重要和复杂问题清单”：list of crucial and complex issues

中业岛：Zhongye Island（西方称Thitu Island）

专属经济区：exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

“‘准则’框架要素清单”：list of elements for the possible outline of the COC

遵守国际法：observe/abide by international law

尊重、遵守《宣言》原则、精神和规定：respect and adhere  to the principles, spirit and provisions of the DOC

（非法）“坐滩”（的军舰）：grounded (vessel)

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